Latar Belakang:
Othelo merupakan game mengandalkan strategi. Pada permainan ini terdapat pemain yang terdiri dari Player dan AI. Othello juga membutuhkan ketelitian, di mana pemain harus telitidalam mengawasi sebuah titik tempat Anda akan menempatkan biji othello.
Tujuan Pembuatan game:
Game Othelo ini dibuat dengan tujuan sebagai sarana hiburan dan juga pendidikian.karena Game mengandalkan strategi yang dapat mengasah otak kita. Serta sebagai pelengkap tugas soft skill.
Cara memainkan game ini:
Objek yang digunakan:
- Biji yang berwarna putih digunakan untuk Player
- Biji yang berwarna hitam digunakan untuk AI
- Bidak untuk bermain.
Terdapat 42 kotak kosong, dimana masing-masing pemain memiliki masing-masing biji. Untuk biji berwarna putih untuk Player dan biji berwarna hitam untuk AI. Setiap pemain berusaha untuk mengganti warna biji lawan menjadi warna biji miliknya.Yang akan menjadi pemenang yaitu pemain dengan jumlah bijiterbanyak yang mengisi kotak2 tersebut, jika biji imbang jumlahnya maka permainan dikatakan seri.
Tampilan game setelah dimainkan:
berikut coding yang digunkan dalam pembuatan game ini:
?-
G_nCols is 6, G_nRows is 7, G_nWin is 4,
G_cellPix is 48,
G_wWidth is G_nCols*G_cellPix+12, G_wHeight is G_nRows*G_cellPix+31,
G_cEMPTY is 0, G_cWHITE is 1, G_cBLACK is 2, G_Winner is G_cEMPTY,
window(_,_,win_func(_),"Game",100,100,G_wWidth,G_wHeight),newGame(_).
newGame(_) :- set(pullsW([])),set(pullsB([])),win_func(paint),
set_text("Your turn!",_).
pullIn([A,B|T],A,B).
pullIn([A,B|T],X,Y) :- pullIn(T,X,Y).
pullIn(X,Y) :- pullsW(L),pullIn(L,X,Y).
pullIn(X,Y) :- pullsB(L),pullIn(L,X,Y).
pullAt(X,Y,G_cWHITE) :- pullsW(L),pullIn(L,X,Y), !.
pullAt(X,Y,G_cBLACK) :- pullsB(L),pullIn(L,X,Y), !.
pullAt(X,Y,G_cEMPTY).
addToList(X,Y,List,[X,Y|List]).
playAt(X,Y) :- pullsW(L),set(pullsW([X,Y|L])).
gameOver :-
pullsW(PW), pullsB(PB), isFinal(PW,PB), set_text("Game over.",_),
(G_Winner=G_cWHITE -> Text is "You win!"),
(G_Winner=G_cBLACK -> Text is "I win!"),
(G_Winner=G_cEMPTY -> Text is "Draw game!"),
(yes_no(Text,"Play again?",!) -> newGame(_) ; !,fail).
playShtaiga :- pullsW(PW), pullsB(PB), not(isFinal(PW.PB)),
set_text("Thinking...",_),
BestValue:=0, BestCol:=1, minimaxB(2,PW,PB,BestValue,BestCol),
makeMove(PB,PW,BestCol,NewPB), set(pullsB(NewPB)), win_func(paint),
set_text("Your turn!",_), (gameOver ;true).
makeMove(PM,PD,Col,NewPM) :- for(Row,G_nRows,1, -1),
not(pullIn(PM,Col,Row) ; pullIn(PD,Col,Row)), addToList(Col,Row,PM,NewPM).
win_func(init) :- window_brush(_,rgb(0,0,0)).
win_func(mouse_click(X,Y)) :-
pullsW(PW),pullsB(PB), not(isFinal(PW,PB)),
Col:=X//G_cellPix+1, Row:=Y//G_cellPix+1,
(Col>G_nCols -> Col:=G_nCols),
(Row>G_nRows -> Row:=G_nRows),
pullAt(Col,1,Value),
(Value=G_cEMPTY -> (
(call(for(I,G_nRows,1, -1),
pullAt(Col,I,Valu),
(Valu=G_cEMPTY -> playAt(Col,I);fail)
);true),
win_func(paint), (gameOver ;true), playShtaiga
) ;true).
win_func(paint) :-
pen(0,rgb(0,0,0)),
call(for(Row,G_nRows,1, -1), for(Col,G_nCols,1, -1),
Parity := Col mod 2,
(Parity=0 -> brush(rgb(0,127,0)) ; brush(rgb(0,127,127))),
X1:= (Col- 1)*G_cellPix, X2:=X1+G_cellPix,
Y1:= (Row- 1)*G_cellPix, Y2:=Y1+G_cellPix,
rect(X1,Y1,X2,Y2),
pullAt(Col,Row,Value),
X1:=X1+ 3, Y1:=Y1+ 3, X2:=X2- 3, Y2:=Y2- 3,
( Value=G_cBLACK ->brush(rgb(0,0,0)),ellipse(X1,Y1,X2,Y2) ;
%X1:=X1+ 1, Y1:=Y1+ 1, X2:=X2- 1, Y2:=Y2- 1,
(Value=G_cWHITE -> brush(rgb(200,200,200)), ellipse(X1,Y1,X2,Y2))),
fail) ;true.
staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB) :-
pullIn(PW,X,Y) -> ++(NW) ; (pullIn(PB,X,Y) -> ++(NB) ).
staticEvalCells(NW,NB,Sum,Final) :- NW=0,NB=0,Sum:=0, !.
staticEvalCells(NW,NB,Sum,Final) :- (NW=0 ->
(Sum:= -1, for(I,1,NB- 1), Sum := Sum * 8, fail;
(NB >= G_nWin -> Final:=1)); fail), !.
staticEvalCells(NW,NB,Sum,Final) :- (NB=0 ->
(Sum:= 1, for(I,1,NW- 1), Sum := Sum * 8, fail;
(NW >= G_nWin -> Final:=1)); fail), !.
staticEvalCells(NW,NB,Sum,Final) :- Sum:=0.
staticEvalRows(PW,PB,Sum,Final) :-
Row1:=1, Row2:=G_nRows- G_nWin+ 1, Col1:=1, Col2:=G_nCols,
call(for(Row,Row1,Row2),for(Col,Col1,Col2),
NW:=0, NB:=0,
X:=Col+0, Y:=Row+0, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col+0, Y:=Row+1, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col+0, Y:=Row+2, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col+0, Y:=Row+3, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
staticEvalCells(NW,NB,Value,Final), Sum := Sum + Value,
fail);true.
staticEvalCols(PW,PB,Sum,Final) :-
Row1:=1, Row2:=G_nRows, Col1:=1, Col2:=G_nCols- G_nWin+ 1,
call(for(Row,Row1,Row2),for(Col,Col1,Col2),
NW:=0, NB:=0,
X:=Col+0, Y:=Row+0, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col+1, Y:=Row+0, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col+2, Y:=Row+0, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col+3, Y:=Row+0, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
staticEvalCells(NW,NB,Value,Final), Sum := Sum + Value,
fail);true.
staticEvalDiagA(PW,PB,Sum,Final) :-
Row1:=1, Row2:=G_nRows- G_nWin+ 1, Col1:=1, Col2:=G_nCols- G_nWin+ 1,
call(for(Row,Row1,Row2),for(Col,Col1,Col2),
NW:=0, NB:=0,
X:=Col+0, Y:=Row+0, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col+1, Y:=Row+1, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col+2, Y:=Row+2, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col+3, Y:=Row+3, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
staticEvalCells(NW,NB,Value,Final), Sum := Sum + Value,
fail);true.
staticEvalDiagB(PW,PB,Sum,Final) :-
Row1:=1, Row2:=G_nRows- G_nWin+ 1, Col1:=G_nWin, Col2:=G_nCols,
call(for(Row,Row1,Row2),for(Col,Col1,Col2),
NW:=0, NB:=0,
X:=Col- 0, Y:=Row+0, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col- 1, Y:=Row+1, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col- 2, Y:=Row+2, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
X:=Col- 3, Y:=Row+3, staticEvalCell(PW,PB,X,Y,NW,NB),
staticEvalCells(NW,NB,Value,Final), Sum := Sum + Value,
fail);true.
staticEval(PW,PB,Sum,Final) :-
Sum:=0, Final:=0,
staticEvalRows(PW,PB,Sum,Final),
staticEvalCols(PW,PB,Sum,Final),
staticEvalDiagA(PW,PB,Sum,Final),
staticEvalDiagB(PW,PB,Sum,Final).
isFinal(PW,PB) :- not(for(Col,1,G_nCols), ((pullIn(PW,Col,1) ; pullIn(PB,Col,1)) ->
fail; true)), G_Winner:=G_cEMPTY, !.
isFinal(PW,PB) :- Sum:=0, Final:=0, staticEval(PW,PB,Sum,Final), Final=1,
(Sum>0 -> G_Winner:=G_cWHITE ; G_Winner:=G_cBLACK), !.
minimaxW(Depth,PW,PB,BestValue,BestCol) :- (Depth=0 ;isFinal(PW,PB)), !,
BestCol:=1, Final:=0, staticEval(PW,PB,BestValue,Final).
minimaxW(Depth,PW,PB,BestValue,BestCol) :- BestValue:= -30000,
call(for(Col,1,G_nCols), not(pullIn(PW,Col,1) ; pullIn(PB,Col,1)), BackFlag:=0,
makeMove(PW,PB,Col,NewPW), BackFlag=0, NDepth:=Depth- 1, NCol:=0, NValue:=0,
minimaxB(NDepth,NewPW,PB,NValue,NCol),
BackFlag:=1, (NValue>BestValue -> BestValue:=NValue, BestCol:=Col),
fail) ;true.
minimaxB(Depth,PW,PB,BestValue,BestCol) :- ((Depth=0) ;isFinal(PW,PB)), !,
BestCol:=1, Final:=0, staticEval(PW,PB,BestValue,Final).
minimaxB(Depth,PW,PB,BestValue,BestCol) :- BestValue:= 30000,
call(for(Col,1,G_nCols), not(pullIn(PW,Col,1) ; pullIn(PB,Col,1)), BackFlag:=0,
makeMove(PB,PW,Col,NewPB), BackFlag=0, NDepth:=Depth- 1, NCol:=0, NValue:=0,
minimaxW(NDepth,PW,NewPB,NValue,NCol),
BackFlag:=1, (NValue
fail) ;true.
Mata Kuliah : Pengantar Teknologi Game #
Nama Game : Othelo
Pemrograman : Strawbery Prolog
Pembuat :
1. Anissa Eljannah (50408129)
2. Asryni Mukti W(50408172)
3. Novi Mahmudah(50408619)
